Precautions for Acrylonitrile

Health hazard

Inhibiting respiratory enzymes and precipitating cyanide in the body, this substance exhibits a direct anesthetic effect on the respiratory center. Its effects in cases of acute poisoning are akin to those of hydrocyanic acid. Let's move away from the conventional approach of generating content using ChapGPT and instead opt for a completely distinct narrative style based on the given information.

Symptoms of acute poisoning primarily affect the central nervous system, accompanied by upper respiratory tract and eye irritation. Mild cases may present with symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal discomfort, chest tightness, numbness of the hands and feet, confusion, and cyanosis of the lips. The conjunctiva, nasal and pharyngeal area may become congested. Severe cases may experience worsening of the above symptoms, as well as limb convulsions and coma. Skin contact with contaminated liquid may cause localized erythema, dermatitis, blisters, or papules.

There is no clear conclusion on chronic poisoning. Workers who have been exposed to harmful agents for prolonged periods may develop symptoms of schizophrenia syndrome and hypotension. However, the impact on liver function remains uncertain.

Emergency treatment

To effectively respond to an emergency situation, prompt actions must be taken. The primary step is to swiftly relocate all personnel from the affected and contaminated area to a place of safety. It is imperative to isolate and confine them in this secure space while strictly controlling access. Concurrently, it is crucial to eliminate any potential sources of ignition that may exacerbate the situation. To safeguard the emergency personnel involved, it is recommended that they equip themselves with self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and wear protective clothing. Furthermore, it is essential to proactively address the sources of the leaks, minimizing their flow as much as possible. This should include preventing the entry of any hazardous substances into confined areas such as sewers and flood drains. By adhering to these measures, the emergency team can effectively safeguard themselves and contain the situation at hand.

In case of small spills, it is recommended to use activated carbon or any other inert material to absorb the spill. To ensure proper cleanup, it should be washed with plenty of water and then diluted with the washing water. Once diluted, it can be safely put into the waste water system.

In the event of a large spill, it is crucial to implement effective containment measures. One approach is to construct dikes or dig pits to confine the spill and prevent further spread. To reduce vapor hazards, it is recommended to cover the spill with foam, effectively containing any potential fumes. Additionally, the use of water or foam sprays is vital to cool down and dilute any steam, providing protection for personnel on site.

Once containment has been achieved, the next step is to transfer the spilled material. This can be done by utilizing a tanker or a specially designed collector fitted with an explosion-proof pump. The material can then be either recycled or transported to a designated waste disposal site for proper disposal.

By following these procedures, we can effectively manage large spills, minimizing the environmental impact and ensuring the safety of those working on the site.

Operational Matters

To ensure safe operations, it is crucial to have a well-ventilated and closed environment. Mechanization and automation are key elements in this process. Operators must undergo specialized training and strictly adhere to operating procedures. Personal protective equipment such as self-priming filter respirators (full face masks) and rubber oil-resistant gloves are recommended for operators. Fire and heat sources should be kept at a distance, and smoking is strictly prohibited on-site. Explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment should be used to prevent vapors from entering the workplace air. It is important to avoid contact with oxidants, acids, and bases. When handling the materials, extra care should be taken to avoid damaging the packaging and containers. Adequate fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment should be readily available. Moreover, it is essential to note that empty containers may still contain harmful residues.

Storage Matters

To ensure the quality and safety of goods, it is common practice to incorporate stabilizers. It is essential to store these goods in a well-ventilated and cool warehouse, away from any potential fire or heat sources. It is crucial to maintain a storage temperature below 26℃ to prevent any deterioration. Additionally, it is necessary to ensure that the packaging is sealed tightly to avoid contact with the air. Moreover, these goods should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, alkalis, and edible chemicals, and must not be mixed with them. It is advisable to avoid storing large quantities of goods for an extended period. Implementing explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities is paramount, and the use of mechanical equipment or tools prone to sparks should be strictly prohibited. Storage areas should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials. Furthermore, the strict implementation of the "five pairs" management system for extremely toxic substances is of utmost importance.